Can Conversation Save the World? Pt. 1

“The Opinion Show”

Poem:  “To a Thinker” by Robert Frost

Statement of the Whole: How much of the classroom experience should be humane conversation?  Is conversation or dialogue a better way to teach than lecture?  Can conversation alone move the world toward the Good?  Jason and Steve assert in this podcast that conversation is the basis of much of what is truly education.

  1. Introduction: What is conversation and why is it important? — two people talking about some common thing
  2. How can conversation educate?
    1. At the heart of answering this is the notion that “It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.” (Aristotle)
    2. Difference between sharing opinions and sifting opinions
    3. A school is a conversation
      1. Student and teacher
      2. teacher and teacher
      3. parent and school
      4. student to student
      5. culture and community, etc.

Magister or Minister?

Poem: “The Pasture,” by Robert Frost

Statement of the Whole: Classically, teachers were called magistri from the Latin magis “greater.”Yet, often we feel (especially in the Christian community) an impulse to be ministers (ministri) to our students. Are we to be lower, lesser, higher, or greater?  Luther, in describing Christians, gives us the wonderful phrase simul iustus et peccator (simultaneously justified and a sinner).  Today, I submit to you that we as teachers are simul magister et minister. In this episode, Jason and Steve promote the hierarchy necessary to great education. 

  1. So how can both these things be simultaneously true?
  2. Of what are we to be the greater?
    1. Greater than the student, or at least in authority over him
    2. Authority over the subject?
    3. Able to conquer the subject
  3. Of what are we to be the lesser?
    1. Humility toward the subject
    2. Minister to the process of learning (Socrates’ midwife)
    3. Obedient to Truth
    4. Willingness to learn from students, yes, but also from colleagues

Why is a Question the Most Powerful Tool in the Teaching Toolbox?

The “Which One is This?” Episode

Poem: A Question – Poem by Robert Frost

Statement of the Whole: What is a question?  Is a question worth asking in class?  Is there any truth?  What makes a question great?  This episode is in question format.  Answers are in the back.

  1. Some opening questions…
    1. What makes a great question?
    1. What makes a question so great?
    1. Is there anything more thought provoking than a question?
    1. Does every question have an answer?
    1. How do questions educate?
  2. A brief History of the Question
    1. Biblical Questions
    1. The Greeks and the Dialogue Moving forward, man has constantly been a questioning being. 
    1. In particular, he seems to want to know what is true, good, and beautiful.
  3. The question is so powerful for several reasons:
    1. It makes the receiver think, rather than receive blankly
    1. It allows for many possible answers, and thus understanding must come from considering the possibilities
    1. It inevitably joins what we already know with what we are trying to learn
    1. And more…
  4. Practical Questionality – how do you develop, use, and assess questions in the classroom?

The Truth Incarnate Part A

Our First Christmas Special, and it comes in two parts, so listen to both!

Poem: “Descent” by Luci Shaw

Please Note: We got excited making this episode, so be sure to listen to both parts! We had to split it in half so it would fit on our porch.

Statement of the Whole: What does it mean for the educational enterprise that God became a man?  This is way too deep a question for one short podcast, but Steve and Jason spend half an hour talking about it anyway.  It all speaks to our desire for Christ to be at the center of everything, including our classroom.

This is less an outline and more a running collection of our thoughts, but roughly we cover…

  1. Our desire for Christ to be at the center of our classrooms.
  2. Truth incarnate – what does the incarnation mean in education?
    1. The logos – the unifying principle of the universe
    2. The puzzle image, the box picture, etc.
    3. Bringing facts into associated meaning
  3. Athanasius’ quote: “The Lord did not come to make a display. He came to heal and to teach suffering men. For one who wanted to make a display the thing would have been just to appear and dazzle the beholders. But for Him Who came to heal and to teach the way was not merely to dwell here, but to put Himself at the disposal of those who needed Him, and to be manifested according as they could bear it, not vitiating the value of the Divine appearing by exceeding their capacity to receive it.” ― St. Athanasius, On the Incarnation
  4. Christ is moving from what is to what ought to be, so our classroom should reflect this as well
  5. Steve suggests reading the short story from JRR Tolkien, Leaf by Niggle

God Bless you and your’s, and Merry Christmas to all…

The One and the Many in the Classroom

How does the discussion of “The One and the Many” inform education?

Poem: Cosmetics, By Owen Barfield

Statement of the Whole:  Long ago, the Greeks began a discussion of how the One and the Many work together and fight each other in human relations.  Education, by working within community, enters this discussion.  In this episode we define the issue and apply it to the classroom endeavor.

  1. Defining the issue
    1. The onecan be a separate whole, or it can be the sum of things in their analytic or synthetic wholeness; that is, it can be a transcendent one, which is the ground of all being, or it can be an immanent one.
    2. The manyrefers to the particularity or individuality of things
    3. So the issue is if the universe is full of a multitude of beings, is the truth concerning them inherent in their individuality, or is it in their basic oneness?[i]
    4. How this issue is answered tends to lead toward the poles of Realism and Nominalism.
    5. In education, Realism and Nominalism both highly affect many aspects of education: how it is done, why it is done, how it is assessed, etc.
      1. Are the needs of the many, the students, more important than the needs of the one, the school, class, society?
      2. Is a lesson more about reaching unity, agreement, or individuality?
    6. Those who emphasize “the One” (Realists)
      1. Emphasize ideals
      2. Call students to something higher than themselves
      3. Call students outside themselves to some Form
    7. Those who emphasize “the Many”
      1. Emphasize particulars, experience, and individuality
      2. Want students to express their own thoughts, creativity
      3. Like things “outside the box”
    8. Finding a middle ground?
      1. Is the Trinity involved here? Unity and Individuality perfected
      2. Might this be a case of antithesis where both are true and provide a healthy tension?
      3. Examining how this question either builds or tears down civility
    9. Practical implications and examples
      1. How much of education is group and how much individual?
      2. What are my goals in teaching a student
        1. Bringing them to know themselves
        2. Bringing them into harmony with things outside themselves

[i] Rushdoony, R.J. “Philosophy: The Problem of the One and the Many.” Philosophy: The Problem of the One and the Many, Chalcedon, 24 Apr. 2017, chalcedon.edu/resources/articles/philosophy-the-problem-of-the-one-and-the-many.

Educational Basics in the Modern Melee

Poem: “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” by Randall Jarrell

Statement of the Whole: What are some basic foundational principles to constantly contemplate when trying to provide a student with a great education?  With all the specialization and misdirection in education, what are some guiding benchmarks?

  1. Education is basic to life – it cannot be avoided.
    1. The question is one of quality, which is probably mostly about ends.
    2. Why are you seeking an education?
  2. Education is not complex or specialized – it is humane, so don’t fall for the “expert” snobbery that surrounds us.
  3. Education should not be a game, but it is. Learn the rules and then play the game.
    1. Grades are not an end, but simply communication about whether ends are being achieved or not.
    2. Those of you bold enough to homeschool, be wise and even as you forge your own path, don’t forget the game: transcripts, gradebooks, entrance testing, etc.
  4. College is not for everyone, but a good primary and secondary education should prepare a student to be able to enter into college if he so chooses.
  5. Don’t confuse art and science – there are things you need to know (science) but much of education should focus on things you learn to do (art), the habits of life formed well

What is Virtue? Part 2

Cultivating Virtue

Poem: “Sonnet 94” by William Shakespeare

Statement of the Whole: Once we know what virtue is, it still a lot of hard work to flesh it out in the classroom.  In a world where virtue and vice are personal opinion, how does a teacher seek to lift up the virtues in wisdom?  Jason and Steve have some fun with this serious consideration.

  1. Playing a Game: Naming the opposite of the virtue
  2. The historic system of “the Virtues” from the medieval model
Virtue Latin Gloss Sin Latin
Chastity Castitas Purityabstinence Lust Luxuria
Temperance Temperantia Humanityequanimity Gluttony Gula
Charity Caritas Willbenevolencegenerositysacrifice Greed Avaritia
Diligence Industria Persistence, Effort, ethics Sloth Acedia
Patience Patientia Forgivenessmercy Wrath Ira
Kindness Humanitas Satisfactioncompassion Envy Invidia
Humility Humilitas Braverymodestyreverence Pride Superbia

 

  1. Cultivating Virtue in the Classroom
    1. Model Virtue
    2. Establish Routine
    3. Praise Habits
    4. Create Opportunities
  2. Some stories to illustrate
    1. Courage:
      1. Sarcastically, model by publicly shouting at your superiors and on the ball field
      2. Establish routine by having a time where you read about courageous characters
    2. Praise both when a pupil pushes through timidity and checks rashness
    3. Create opportunities for competition and collaboration
    4. Hope: Model by refusing to be worn down by the drudgery and monotony of the third quarter
    5. Establish routine by reading stories of deliverance
    6. Create opportunities through excessive pop quizzes and painting vividly the eschaton that they might become enamored by it.
  3. One last note: The Medieval virtues and vices are particularly helpful for young students to see the division.

 

Virtue: Is There Such a Thing? Part 1

A Brief History of Virtue

Poem: “The Day is Done” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Statement of the Whole: Educators talk often about education as the cultivation of Wisdom and Virtue. Cultivating something, such as Virtue, requires that we both understand it and how to cultivate it. In this episode, we uncover Virtue and discuss how we encourage our students to adopt it.

  1. Question: What is the history of thought regarding Virtue?
    1. Virtue: an excellence (particularly a moral one) or skill.
    2. There is a clear emphasis on action! We don’t call someone who knows exactly the right thing to do in every situation but never does it, “virtuous.”
    3. With both Plato and Aristotle, we must underscore the importance of the concept of Harmony. Virtue is harmony of the soul and the body with the good.
  2. Plato
    1. For Plato, Virtue is acting rightly, which requires proper knowledge.
    2. Simply put, failure to act virtuously is a result of not knowing.
    3. The more we see the Whole the more we live within our part of that Whole well, or find the Greatest Good.
  3. Aristotle
    1. What is Eudaimonia? Flourishing. Analogy of the perfectly formed tree
    2. Note: The Golden Mean, balance, etc.
    3. Both Eudaimonia and knowledge are important to both Plato and Aristotle, but whereas Plato practices the virtues in an attempt to accord with the forms, Aristotle sees the virtues as leading toward eudaimonia, or flourishing, which is worth attaining in and of itself.
  4. So Christian Europe built upon the Greek’s view of virtue by developing a set of virtues and then vices to oppose them.
  5. The Latin, cardo, means literally “hinge” or that which life turns upon.
    1. 4 Cardinal
      1. Prudence
      2. Temperance
      3. Courage
      4. Justice
    2. 3 Theological
      1. Faith
      2. Hope
      3. Love
  1. The Church Fathers recognize the truth in the work of Plato and Aristotle, and build upon it.
    1. Augustine (from Of the Morals of the Catholic Church):

“For these four virtues (would that all felt their influence in their minds as they have their names in their mouths!), I should have no hesitation in defining them: that temperance is love giving itself entirely to that which is loved; fortitude is love readily bearing all things for the sake of the loved object; justice is love serving only the loved object, and therefore ruling rightly; prudence is love distinguishing with sagacity between what hinders it and what helps it.”

  1. Aquinas (from the Summa Theologica):

“God Himself is the rule and mode of virtue. Our faith is measured by divine truth, our hope by the greatness of His power and faithful affection, our charity by His goodness. His truth, power and goodness outreach any measure of reason. We can certainly never believe, trust or love God more than, or even as much as, we should. Extravagance is impossible. Here is no virtuous moderation, no measurable mean; the more extreme our activity, the better we are.”

What is Education? Part 2

Comparing Farming with Teaching

Poem: “Choose Something Like a Star” by Robert Frost

Statement of the Whole: Comparison is a powerful way to define.  In this episode we compare farming with teaching, drawing out many ways that the two are similar.

  1. Chart comparing Factory and Farm teaching
Concept Farming Teaching
Conception A good farmer has a plan, a conception of his “big idea” or what it is that the land and he can become together.  It is bigger than he is…he encompasses all that might be in the future and all that ought to be in the present. A good teacher is mindful of what has come before him and “where the student is headed” beyond his own classroom.  There must be an acquiescence to who the student is and what is possible, not simply what fills the time or meets “the standards.”
Calling Generational farmers are called to what they do.  They are passionate about good land, good seed, good food, good living.  That passion transcends all drought, blight, hard times, and even good times, providing for a continuity of calling over and above the momentary circumstances. A true teacher has risen above “the hireling” to that of a vocation.  They teach because they must.  Their passion for truth, learning, and the life of the mind outweigh any momentary considerations.  They might rather starve than leave the classroom.
“Slowness” Farming depends upon slow processes, many of which take years to come about.  The best farmers act out of a respect for this slowness and love for the third and fourth generations to come.  Their views repudiate the modern notion of “fast” or “instant” gratification. The best teacher knows that their efforts will outlive them.  A lesson well taught and well caught continues into the grandchildren of the student.  Such means that few teachers “see” the fruit of their work. They depend and love this very reality. This repudiates the current fad of immediate “assessment” and measurement of desired outcomes.
Patience This is a corollary to the “slow” concept directly above.  Impatience marks the modern farm.  Getting the most out the land and work in the quickest time for the greatest profit is the way of violence. The same is true for a teacher.  Speed kills.  Rarely can any worthy lesson be learned fast.  Only with patient teaching can there be lasting learning.  The rest is effort after foolishness.  Worse, such effort can often be violent and abusive to both teacher and learner.
Implanting The artful farmer knows he is not “getting from” the soil, but rather working with it to keep it fertile and life-bringing.  He plants seed, waters, and cares for the soil.  He is not against the land, or trying to take from it that which is not returned. His is not a concern for economy so much as ecology. A teacher who loves his art seeks to plant seed, not concern himself so much with the harvest.  A truly good planting in education brings forth a lifetime of reaping and yet further sowing in a heart whose soil can support such cycles of growth.  Perhaps Paul said it best, “I planted, Apollos watered, but it is God Who gives the increase.”
Nurture Much thought and writing has been given to the modern notions of farming being taken from industrial views of life.  The farm is not a factory, it is a nursery.  It cannot live under factory conditions of specialization, narrow extremes, and human manipulation. Too little thought has been given to the classroom metaphors.  Much of modern educational theory is based on the factory or industrial mentality.  Too little of it finds its roots in the garden, farm, or nursery.  Education is much less something done to a child and something much more done within and as a part of a child.
Cultivation Farms grow things.  They are not holding pens, or places of specialized science, but rather living, vibrant, diverse places of birth, life, growth, and death, all working together for continuity of thriving life. Classrooms should be a place of seeking to birth, grow, and continue the knowledge and understanding that lead to wisdom and virtue.   They should not become centers of industrial espionage, full of tests, acts of manipulation, and like nonsense.
Reliance upon God The main factors of life on a farm include the weather, soil conditions, and human work. The first is purely in the hands of God, the second is a combination of God’s blessing and human care, and the last is again up to man (in one sense) and reliant upon God in another sense. If education is at its base the growth of a man’s soul, then at its center it is totally reliant upon the work of God’s Spirit and His spiritual realities, much of which is at best only partially affected by the work of man.  It certainly does not fit a scientific formula easily written on a white board.
Natural Despite man’s attempt to circumvent such laws, at the bottom of all farming is the laws God has placed within nature.  Chemicals and genetic modification, et. al. still result in a sum total that is bounded by natural law.  “You can’t fool Mother Nature” is simply the pagan’s way of saying that “you reap what you sow.” Humans are humans by nature, not simply by chemistry or chance.  Natural laws, laws determined by man’s nature, are inescapable in education and only clear headed thinking about these laws will produce excellent learning.
Art vs. Science We worship the science lab in farming no less than any other area of our world.  But farming as a an act is not the product of laboratory knowledge as much as it is the accumulated wisdom of the apprentice, father handing on to son the accumulated customs and traditions of his fathers before him. Observation is at the heart of both art and science, but the eyes look at different aspects depending upon which you are pursuing.  The great teachers are those who see teaching as an art far more than a science.  This seems so simple, but is a radical concept in modern teaching methods.
Independence The small farmer has to be self-reliant, he is attempting to be sustainable.  The factory type farmer is almost totally dependent upon others for his success.

 

  1. These comparisons lead us toward a more humane form of education.
  2. But if this is cultivation, what about the wisdom and virtue it is cultivating?
  3. Why Wisdom and Virtue?
    1. In short, these are the overarching things that lead one to the Good – the wise and virtuous student will have all he needs to live well. To use another agrarian metaphor, we might say he will have all he needs to flourish.
    2. But these will get more later. For now we are just getting out there our basic definition so you know where we are coming from.
  4. In conclusion: education is not about knowing but about doing (Virtue – our next topic for the podcast).